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Scientific name
Ornithoptera Boisduval, 1832
Chinese name
鳥翼蝶屬
English name
Birdwing
Classification
鳳蝶科(Papilionidae)，鳳蝶亞科(Papililoninae)，裳鳳蝶族(Troidini)
Diagnosis
Large-sized swallowtail butterflies. Wingspan usually 15-30 cm, sexually dimorphic in size, wing shape and wing pattern. Four types of wing shape and wing pattern are proposed by Munoz & Corrochano (2000) for quick identification
Distribution
The whole genus ranges through all islands of Lesser Sunda Islands, Papua New Guinea, N. Queensland of Australia and the adjacent islands east to Papua New Guinea.
Habitat and Ecology
Most species are inhibating in tropical forests from 500-2500 m in elevation. Adults are active in shrub and canopy layers. Nectar sources comprise the plants of Verbenaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae, Ericaceae, Leguminosae and Caprifoliaceae. Most species of Aristolochia are utilized as larval hostplants.
Threats and Conservation Status
Threats and Conservation Status The threats on birdwing butterfly survival mainly come from the long-term deforestation and commercial trading in all distributional areas. Though few species are bred in captivity, however, most populations, especially those peripheral colonies on smaller islands, are still seriously threatened. For more information of birdwing conservation see New & Collins (1991) and Parsons (1992).
Remarks
The genus contains the following species (according to Takuya & Yasuhiko, 1998; Kondo & Nishida, 1998). Among them, only Ornithoptera alexandrae (Rothschild, 1907) is categorized in "I" in the Wildlife Conservation Law and Appendix I in the CITES, while all the remaining species are listed in the Appendix II of CITES.

Ornithoptera victoriae Gray, 1856
維多利亞鳥翼蝶(圖26-27-28-29)

Ornithioptera alexandrae (Rothschild, 1907)
亞歷山大鳥翼蝶(圖30-31-32-33)

Ornithoptera aesacus (Ney, 1903)
歐比鳥翼蝶 (圖38-39-40-41)

Ornithoptera priamus (Linnaeus, 1758)
綠鳥翼蝶 (圖42-43-44-45)

Ornithoptera croesus Wallace, [1859]
紅鳥翼蝶 (圖46-47-48-49)

Ornithoptera tithonus De Haan, 1940
王子鳥翼蝶 (圖50-51-52-53)

Ornithoptera rothschildi Kendrick, 1911
羅氏鳥翼蝶 (圖54-55-56-57)

Ornithoptera chimaera (Rothschild, 1904)
巨翅鳥翼蝶 (圖58-59-60-61)

Ornithoptera paradisea Staudinger, 1893
極樂天堂鳥翼蝶 (圖62-63-64-65)

Ornithoptera goliath Oberthuer, 1888
輝綠鳥翼蝶

Ornithoptera meridionalis (Rothschild, 1897)
南方天堂鳥翼蝶 (圖66-67-68-69)

Ornithoptera allotei Niepelt, 1916
阿羅特鳥翼蝶(圖34-35-36-37)